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additional measure

  • 1 additional measure

    English-Ukrainian law dictionary > additional measure

  • 2 additional

    •
    - additional allowances of costs
    - additional applicant
    - additional arbitrator
    - additional article
    - additional bail
    - additional charge
    - additional charges
    - additional clause
    - additional constable
    - additional control shot
    - additional crime
    - additional documentation
    - additional duty
    - additional evidence
    - additional fee
    - additional insurance
    - additional investigation
    - additional investigation
    - additional investigator
    - additional measure
    - additional penalty
    - additional proof
    - additional punishment
    - additional sanction
    - additional servitude

    English-Ukrainian law dictionary > additional

  • 3 additional protection

    1. дополнительная защита

     

    дополнительная защита
    Мера защиты, выполняемая дополнительно к основной защите и (или) защите при повреждении.
    Примечание - Дополнительная защита, как правило, применяется в особых условиях внешних воздействий или помещениях, в результате чего при определенных обстоятельствах, например невнимательности при использовании электроэнергии, фатальные последствия могут быть исключены или уменьшены
    [ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]

    дополнительная защита
    add-on security
    Дополнительные программно-аппаратные средства обеспечения безопасности, которые вводятся в систему в дополнение к основным средствам защиты.
    [Л.М. Невдяев. Телекоммуникационные технологии. Англо-русский толковый словарь-справочник. Под редакцией Ю.М. Горностаева. Москва, 2002]

    EN

    additional protection
    protective measure in addition to basic and/or fault protection
    NOTE – Additional protection is generally used in case of special external influences or locations by which under certain circumstances, e.g. careless use of electric energy, a fatal situation maybe avoided or eased.
    [IEV number 826-12-07]

    FR

    protection complémentaire, f
    mesure de protection en complément de la protection principale et/ou de le protection en cas de défaut
    NOTE – Une protection complémentaire est en général utilisée dans des cas de conditions d’influence externe ou d'emplacement spéciaux, pour que dans certaines circonstances, telles que l’utilisation imprudente de l’électricité, une situation dangereuse soit évitée ou atténuée
    [IEV number 826-12-07]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    • zusätzlicher Schutz, m

    FR

    • protection complémentaire, f

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > additional protection

  • 4 measure costs

    English-Russian base dictionary > measure costs

  • 5 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

  • 6 area

    noun
    1) (surface measure) Flächenausdehnung, die
    2) (region) Gelände, das; (of wood, marsh, desert) Gebiet, das; (of city, country) Gegend, die; (of skin, wall, etc.) Stelle, die

    in the Hamburg area — im Hamburger Raum

    3) (defined space) Bereich, der

    parking/picnic area — Park-/Picknickplatz, der

    no-smoking area — Nichtraucherzone, die

    4) (subject field) Gebiet, das
    5) (scope) Raum, der
    * * *
    ['eəriə]
    1) (the extent or size of a flat surface: This garden is twelve square metres in area.) die Fläche
    2) (a place; part( of a town etc): Do you live in this area?) die Gegend
    * * *
    [ˈeəriə, AM ˈeri-]
    n
    1. (region) Gebiet nt, Region f
    \area of activity Tätigkeitsgebiet nt, Tätigkeitsfeld nt
    \area of the brain Hirnregion f
    \area of coverage Reichweite f
    danger \area Gefahrenzone f
    \area of the lung Lungenbereich m
    \area manager Gebietsleiter(in) m(f)
    \area of responsibility Aufgabengebiet nt
    testing \area Testgelände nt
    2. COMM
    commercial \area Gewerbegebiet nt
    sales \area Verkaufsfläche f; ECON
    free trade \area Freihandelszone f; FIN
    dollar/sterling \area Dollar-/Sterlingzone f
    \area of competence/knowledge Wissensgebiet nt
    4. (surface measure) Fläche f, Flächeninhalt m
    \area of a circle Kreisfläche f
    50 square kilometres in \area eine Fläche von 50 km²
    5. FBALL ( fam) Strafraum m
    ▪ in the \area of... ungefähr...
    in the \area of £200 etwa 200 Pfund
    * * *
    ['ɛərɪə]
    n
    1) (measure) Fläche f
    2) (= region, district) Gebiet nt; (= neighbourhood, vicinity) Gegend f; (separated off, piece of ground etc) Areal nt, Gelände nt; (on plan, diagram etc) Bereich m; (= slum area, residential area, commercial area) Viertel nt, Gebiet nt

    this is not a very nice area to live in — dies ist keine besonders gute Wohngegend

    do you live in the area? —

    the thief is believed to be still in the area — man nimmt an, dass sich der Dieb noch in der Umgebung aufhält

    in the London area — im Raum London, im Londoner Raum

    protected/prohibited/industrial area — Schutz-/Sperr-/Industriegebiet nt

    drying/dispatch area — Trocken-/Verteilerzone f

    dining/sleeping area — Ess-/Schlafbereich or -platz m

    no smoking/recreation area — Nichtraucher-/Erholungszone

    this area is for directors' cars —

    you must keep out of this area — dieses Gebiet darf nicht betreten werden

    the public were told to keep well away from the area — die Öffentlichkeit wurde aufgefordert, das Gebiet unbedingt zu meiden

    a wooded area — ein Waldstück nt; (larger) ein Waldgebiet nt

    3) (fig) Bereich m

    areas of uncertainty/agreement — Bereiche, in denen Unklarheit/Übereinstimmung besteht

    area of interest/study — Interessen-/Studiengebiet nt

    a sum in the area of £100 — eine Summe um die £ 100

    4) (Brit: basement courtyard) Vorplatz m
    * * *
    area [ˈeərıə] s
    1. (begrenzte) Fläche, Flächenraum m, Boden-, Grundfläche f:
    what is the area of …? wie groß ist …?;
    a flat 75 square metres in area eine 75m2 große Wohnung;
    the island is about 30 square miles in area die Insel hat eine Fläche von ungefähr 30 Quadratmeilen
    2. Gebiet n, Zone f, Gegend f ( alle auch ANAT), Raum m:
    in the Chicago area im Raum (von) Chicago;
    in the London area in der Londoner Gegend;
    area of low pressure METEO Tiefdruckgebiet
    3. (freier) Platz
    4. Grundstück n
    5. fig Bereich m, Gebiet n:
    area of activity Betätigungsfeld n;
    area of interest Interessengebiet;
    area of knowledge Wissensgebiet;
    in the area of auf dem Gebiet (gen);
    within the area of possibility im Bereich des Möglichen
    6. MATH Flächeninhalt m, -raum m, (Grund)Fläche f, Inhalt m:
    area of a circle Kreisfläche
    7. MATH, PHYS, TECH (Ober)Fläche f:
    area of contact Begrenzungs-, Berührungsfläche
    8. ANAT (Gehör-, Seh-, Sprach- etc) Zentrum n
    9. ARCH lichter Raum
    10. MIL Abschnitt m, Operationsgebiet n:
    area command US Militärbereich m;
    area bombing Bombenflächenwurf m
    11. → academic.ru/3547/areaway">areaway
    * * *
    noun
    1) (surface measure) Flächenausdehnung, die
    2) (region) Gelände, das; (of wood, marsh, desert) Gebiet, das; (of city, country) Gegend, die; (of skin, wall, etc.) Stelle, die
    3) (defined space) Bereich, der

    parking/picnic area — Park-/Picknickplatz, der

    no-smoking area — Nichtraucherzone, die

    4) (subject field) Gebiet, das
    5) (scope) Raum, der
    * * *
    n.
    Areal -e n.
    Bereich -e m.
    Fläche -n f.
    Flächeninhalt m.
    Nahbereich m.
    Zone -n f.

    English-german dictionary > area

  • 7 extraordinary

    adjective
    (exceptional) außergewöhnlich; (unusual, peculiar) ungewöhnlich [Gabe]; merkwürdig [Zeichen, Benehmen, Angewohnheit]; außerordentlich [Verdienste, Einfluss]; (additional) außerordentlich [Versammlung]
    * * *
    [ik'stro:dənəri]
    (surprising; unusual: What an extraordinary thing to say!; She wears the most extraordinary clothes.) außergewöhnlich
    - academic.ru/25973/extraordinarily">extraordinarily
    * * *
    extraor·di·nary
    [ɪkˈstrɔ:dənəri, AM -ˈstrɔ:rdəneri]
    1. (remarkable) außerordentlich, außergewöhnlich; (unusual) ungewöhnlich
    an \extraordinary feat eine herausragende Leistung
    an \extraordinary success ein erstaunlicher Erfolg
    2. (strange) merkwürdig, seltsam; ( approv) erstaunlich
    an \extraordinary coincidence ein merkwürdiges Zusammentreffen
    3. (additional) außerordentlich
    \extraordinary resolution außerordentlicher Beschluss
    \extraordinary expenditure no pl außerordentliche Aufwendungen pl
    \extraordinary item FIN Sonderposten m
    * * *
    [Ik'strɔːdnrɪ]
    adj
    1) (= exceptional) person, career, quality außergewöhnlich; success, courage, skill außerordentlich; (= unusual, strange) behaviour, appearance, dress, action, speech merkwürdig, eigenartig; tale, adventure seltsam; (= amazing) insults, violence erstaunlich

    it's extraordinary to think that... — es ist (schon) eigenartig, wenn man denkt, dass...

    it's extraordinary how much he resembles his brother — es ist erstaunlich, wie sehr er seinem Bruder ähnelt

    2) (Brit form = special) measure, party, congress außerordentlich
    * * *
    extraordinary [-rı; US -ˌeriː] adj
    1. außerordentlich, -gewöhnlich
    2. ungewöhnlich, seltsam, merkwürdig
    3. besonder(er, e, es)
    4. WIRTSCH, POL etc außerordentlich, Sonder… (auch von Beamten):
    * * *
    adjective
    (exceptional) außergewöhnlich; (unusual, peculiar) ungewöhnlich [Gabe]; merkwürdig [Zeichen, Benehmen, Angewohnheit]; außerordentlich [Verdienste, Einfluss]; (additional) außerordentlich [Versammlung]
    * * *
    adj.
    außergewöhnlich adj.
    merkwürdig adj.
    ungewöhnlich adj. n.
    außerordentlich adj.
    seltsam adj.

    English-german dictionary > extraordinary

  • 8 add-on security

    1. дополнительная защита

     

    дополнительная защита
    Мера защиты, выполняемая дополнительно к основной защите и (или) защите при повреждении.
    Примечание - Дополнительная защита, как правило, применяется в особых условиях внешних воздействий или помещениях, в результате чего при определенных обстоятельствах, например невнимательности при использовании электроэнергии, фатальные последствия могут быть исключены или уменьшены
    [ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]

    дополнительная защита
    add-on security
    Дополнительные программно-аппаратные средства обеспечения безопасности, которые вводятся в систему в дополнение к основным средствам защиты.
    [Л.М. Невдяев. Телекоммуникационные технологии. Англо-русский толковый словарь-справочник. Под редакцией Ю.М. Горностаева. Москва, 2002]

    EN

    additional protection
    protective measure in addition to basic and/or fault protection
    NOTE – Additional protection is generally used in case of special external influences or locations by which under certain circumstances, e.g. careless use of electric energy, a fatal situation maybe avoided or eased.
    [IEV number 826-12-07]

    FR

    protection complémentaire, f
    mesure de protection en complément de la protection principale et/ou de le protection en cas de défaut
    NOTE – Une protection complémentaire est en général utilisée dans des cas de conditions d’influence externe ou d'emplacement spéciaux, pour que dans certaines circonstances, telles que l’utilisation imprudente de l’électricité, une situation dangereuse soit évitée ou atténuée
    [IEV number 826-12-07]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    • zusätzlicher Schutz, m

    FR

    • protection complémentaire, f

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > add-on security

  • 9 supplementary protection

    1. дополнительная защита

     

    дополнительная защита
    Мера защиты, выполняемая дополнительно к основной защите и (или) защите при повреждении.
    Примечание - Дополнительная защита, как правило, применяется в особых условиях внешних воздействий или помещениях, в результате чего при определенных обстоятельствах, например невнимательности при использовании электроэнергии, фатальные последствия могут быть исключены или уменьшены
    [ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]

    дополнительная защита
    add-on security
    Дополнительные программно-аппаратные средства обеспечения безопасности, которые вводятся в систему в дополнение к основным средствам защиты.
    [Л.М. Невдяев. Телекоммуникационные технологии. Англо-русский толковый словарь-справочник. Под редакцией Ю.М. Горностаева. Москва, 2002]

    EN

    additional protection
    protective measure in addition to basic and/or fault protection
    NOTE – Additional protection is generally used in case of special external influences or locations by which under certain circumstances, e.g. careless use of electric energy, a fatal situation maybe avoided or eased.
    [IEV number 826-12-07]

    FR

    protection complémentaire, f
    mesure de protection en complément de la protection principale et/ou de le protection en cas de défaut
    NOTE – Une protection complémentaire est en général utilisée dans des cas de conditions d’influence externe ou d'emplacement spéciaux, pour que dans certaines circonstances, telles que l’utilisation imprudente de l’électricité, une situation dangereuse soit évitée ou atténuée
    [IEV number 826-12-07]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    • zusätzlicher Schutz, m

    FR

    • protection complémentaire, f

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > supplementary protection

  • 10 extraordinary

    ik'stro:dənəri
    (surprising; unusual: What an extraordinary thing to say!; She wears the most extraordinary clothes.) extraordinario
    extraordinary adj extraordinario
    tr[ɪk'strɔːdənrɪ]
    1 (exceptional) extraordinario,-a, fuera de lo común; (very strange, unusual) raro,-a
    2 formal use (special, additional) extraordinario,-a, especial
    extraordinary [ɪk'strɔrdən.ri,.ɛkstrə'ɔrd-] adj
    : extraordinario, excepcional
    ♦ extraordinarily [ɪk.strɔrdən'rəli,.kstrə.ɔrd-] adv
    adj.
    • colosal adj.
    • extraordinario, -a adj.
    • inaudito, -a adj.
    • portentoso, -a adj.
    ɪk'strɔːrdṇeri, ɪk'strɔːdṇri
    1) ( exceptional) extraordinario; ( very odd) <sight/appearance> insólito; ( incredible) increíble, insólito
    2) (frml Adm, Govt) <powers/meeting> extraordinario
    [ɪks'trɔːdnrɪ]
    ADJ
    1) (=exceptional) [courage, career, skill, person] extraordinario
    2) (=strange) [tale, adventure, action] increíble, insólito

    how extraordinary! — (=strange) ¡qué raro!, ¡qué extraño!; (=incredible) ¡es increíble!

    3) frm (=additional, special) [meeting, measure, powers] extraordinario

    extraordinary general meeting — junta f general extraordinaria

    extraordinary meeting of shareholders — junta f extraordinaria de accionistas

    extraordinary reserve — (Econ) reserva f extraordinaria

    * * *
    [ɪk'strɔːrdṇeri, ɪk'strɔːdṇri]
    1) ( exceptional) extraordinario; ( very odd) <sight/appearance> insólito; ( incredible) increíble, insólito
    2) (frml Adm, Govt) <powers/meeting> extraordinario

    English-spanish dictionary > extraordinary

  • 11 wholesaled

    прил.
    торг. проданный оптом

    This measure would impose an additional sales tax on cigarettes and a surtax on wholesaled tobacco products. — Эта мера предполагает дополнительный налог с продаж сигарет и еще вспомогательный налог на оптовые продажи табачных изделий.

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > wholesaled

  • 12 ancillary

    1. adjective
    2) (subordinate) zweitrangig
    2. noun
    (Brit.) Hilfskraft, die
    * * *
    an·cil·lary
    [ænˈsɪləri, AM ˈæntsəleri]
    1. (additional) zusätzlich; (of secondary importance) zweitrangig
    ▪ to be \ancillary to sth im Vergleich zu etw dat [nur] an zweiter Stelle stehen
    2. attr, inv (duties, equipment) Zusatz-
    \ancillary agreement/obligation LAW Nebenabrede/-pflicht f
    \ancillary industries Zulieferindustrien pl
    \ancillary roads/role Nebenstraßen pl/-rolle f
    \ancillary staff/workers Hilfspersonal nt/-kräfte pl
    * * *
    [n'sIlərɪ]
    adj
    (= subordinate) Neben-; (= auxiliary) Hilfs-

    ancillary staff/workers — Hilfskräfte pl

    * * *
    ancillary [ænˈsılərı; US ˈænsəˌleriː]
    A adj
    a) Neben…:
    ancillary accommodation Nebenräume pl
    b) Hilfs…:
    be ancillary to Hilfsdienste leisten für;
    ancillary measure begleitende Maßnahme;
    ancillary worker Hilfskraft f
    B s
    1. Hilfsmittel n
    2. Br Hilfskraft f
    * * *
    1. adjective
    2) (subordinate) zweitrangig
    2. noun
    (Brit.) Hilfskraft, die
    * * *
    adj.
    Hilfs- präfix
    Neben- präfix
    Zusatz- präfix
    untergeordnet adj.

    English-german dictionary > ancillary

  • 13 push

    1. I
    don't push! не толкайтесь!, не напирайте!; push! от себя! (надпись на дверях)
    2. II
    1) push in some manner push rudely (cautiously, violently, unintentionally, etc.) грубо и т.д. толкнуть; push somewhere push aside (back, forward, etc.) протискиваться в сторону и т.д.
    2) push in some manner door that pushes easily дверь, которая легко открывается
    3. III
    1) push smth., smb. push a cart (a wheelbarrow, a pram, etc.) толкать перед собой тележку и т.д.; push the gate (the door, etc.) толкать /толчком открывать/ ворота и т.д.; push the window резко распахнуть окне; push the door, don't pull it толкните дверь, не дергайте ее; smb. pushed me кто-то толкнул /пихнул/ меня
    2) push smth., smb. push the button нажимать кнопку; push one's demands (a proposal, an action, etc.) настойчиво выставлять /отстаивать/ свои требования и т.д.; unless you push your claims you'll get no satisfaction вы ничего не получите, если не проявите настойчивости; push one's advantage использовать свое преимущество; I don't want to push you я не хочу оказывать на вас давление; push one's wares рекламировать или навязывать свои товары id don't push your luck не искушай судьбу
    3) push smb. push one's nephew продвигать своего племянника, протежировать своему племяннику; push oneself стараться продвинуться
    4. IV
    1) push smb. in some manner his parents push him too hard родители слишком на него давят
    2) push smth., smb. somewhere push books (papers, dishes, etc.) aside отодвигать /сдвигать/ [в сторону] / книги и т.д.; push smb. aside отталкивать кого-л.; push back the enemy's cavalry теснить кавалерию противника; push back one's hair откидывать волосы со лба; they pushed him down and he fell to' the bottom они столкнули его, и он упал на дно; push down the lid and lock the box надави на крышку и запри ящик; he wasn't at all hungry, he had to push the food down ему совсем не хотелось есть, и он с трудом проглатывал пищу; they pushed the prisoner in заключенного втолкнули в камеру; he is always pushing himself forward вечно он вылезает; he never pushes himself forward /ahead/ он никогда не лезет вперед; push smb., smth. out выталкивать кого-л., что-л.; push smb., smth. over столкнуть /опрокинуть/ кого-л., что-л.; don't push me over! не столкни меня!; take care, you'll push the table over осторожнее, ты опрокинешь стол; push smb. up /upwards/ подсаживать кого-л., помочь кому-л. взобраться куда-л.; I can't reach the branch, you push me up, please я не достаю ветку, подсади меня, пожалуйста; push up a shade (a blind, a window, etc.) поднимать жалюзи и т.д.; she pushed up her veil она откинула вуаль; Alexander the Great pushed his conquests still further east в своих завоеваниях Александр Македонский продвигался все дальше на восток
    3) push smth. somewhere push all obstacles (difficulties, etc.) aside устранять /сметать/ все препятствия и т.д.; push upwards the standard of living резко поднять уровень жизни; push a joke too far зайти в своей шутке слишком далеко; push smth. in some manner he pushed his plans cleverly он ловко устраивал свои дела /осуществлял свои планы/
    5. VI
    push smth. to some state push the door (the window, etc.) open распахнуть дверь и т.д.; push the drawer open резким движением выдвинуть ящик стола; push the door (the window, the drawer, etc.) shut /closed/ захлопнуть дверь и т.д.
    6. VII
    push smb. to do smth. push smb. (oneself) to complete the job (to continue doing this dull work, to sell the picture, etc.) заставлять кого-л. (себя) закончить работу и т.д.
    7. XI
    1) be pushed by smb., smth. our train was pushed uphill by an additional locomotive в гору наш поезд тянул еще один паровоз; the wheelchair was pushed by a servant слуга толкал инвалидную коляску
    2) be pushed in some manner preparations are being pushed actively ведутся активные приготовления; be pushed for smth. be pushed for time (for money, etc.) иметь очень мало времени и т.д.; we are pushed for an answer нас торопят с ответом; be pushed into smth. I was pushed into medicine (into music, into business, etc.) меня заставили заняться медициной и т.д.; be pushed into smth. by smb. I was pushed into this affair by my brother мой брат втянул меня в это дело /толкнул меня на эту аферу/
    8. XVI
    1) push with smth. push with the elbow (with the shoulder, with the fists, etc.) пробивать себе дорогу /расталкивать кого-л./ локтями и т.д.; push with all one's might проталкиваться /напирать/ изо всех сил; push into (down, past, etc.) smth., smb. push into the room (into the elevator, into the car, etc.) втиснуться /с трудом войти/ в комнату и т.д.; push into the world's market пробиться на мировой рынок; push down the river (down the stream, etc.) спускаться /плыть вниз/ по реке и т.д.; the rude fellow pushed past me грубиян, толкнув меня, прошел мимо; who is pushing at the back there? кто там напирает сзади?; we pushed through a crowd мы проталкивались сквозь толпу
    2) push at smth. push at the doorbell нажимать на кнопку звонка
    9. XXI1
    1) push smb., smth. into (off, out of, through, etc.) smth. push smb., smth. into the water (into the river, into the pit, etc.) столкнуть /спихнуть/ кого-л., что-л. в воду и т.д.; push smb. into the room втолкнуть /впихнуть/ кого-л. в комнату; push a cork into a bottle протолкнуть пробку в бутылку; push a finger into smb.'s eye ткнуть кого-л. пальцем в глаз; push money into smb.'s hands сунуть деньги кому-л. в руки; push one's way into the meeting силой /расталкивая всех/ прорваться на собрание; push the war into the enemy's country перенести военные действия на территорию противника; push smb., smth. off the pavement (off the train, off the platform, off the ladder, off the table, etc.) сбросить /столкнуть/ кого-л., что-л. с тротуара и т.д.: push smb. out of the room выталкивать кого-л. из комнаты; push smb. out of the way столкнуть кого-л. со своего пути; push a pin through a piece of cardboard проткнуть картон булавкой; push a string through a hole пропустить веревку через отверстие; push one's way through the crowd (through the bushes, through obstacles, etc.) прокладывать себе дорогу /пробиваться/ через толпу и т.д.; push one's head through the window высунуть голову в окно; push smb. against a door (against a wall, against a gate, etc.) прижимать кого-л. к двери и т.д.; push the table nearer to the Walt (the chair to the window, the book to me, a dish to the centre of the table, the box a little to the right, etc.) пододвигать стол ближе к стене и т.д.; push smb., smth. with smth. push smb., smth. with one's hand (with one's shoulder, etc.) толкать кого-л., что-л. рукой и т.д.
    2) push smth. to (through, into, etc.) smth. push one's plan (one's project, the work, etc.) to completion настойчиво добиваться завершения плана и т.д.; push a bill through Congress (a measure through the committee, etc.) "проталкивать" законопроект через конгресс и т.д.; push one's way into a job добиться работы /места/; push smth. in smth. push one's way in life (in the world. etc.) прокладывать себе дорогу /пробиваться/ в жизни и т.д.; push smb. for smth. push smb. for an answer (for money, for payment, etc.) торопить кого-л. с ответом и т.д.; push smth. on smb. coll. push one's wares (inferior merchandise, etc.) on one's customers навязывать товар и т.д. покупателям
    3) push smb. to smth. push smb. to the limits of his patience (to the last extremity, to the verge of exhaustion, to the point of self-torture, etc.) доводить кого-л. до крайности и т.д.

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > push

  • 14 provide

    1) обеспечивать
    2) поставлять
    Since gas is provided from storage at Karadag Поскольку газ поставляется из хранилища в Карадаге
    3) выделять; предоставлять
    provide qualified inspectors выделить аттестованных инспекторов (а не квалифицированных!) ; space for future gas lift system will be provided выделяется место под планируемую в перспективе газлифтную систему
    4) снабжать
    5) покрывать ( потребности)
    6) устроить; устраивать (напр., резерв грунта)
    7) организовывать
    The Company will provide a workplace where the people of diverse cultures can work and develop together Компания организует рабочую среду, в которой люди / представители самых разных культур могут работать и развиваться вместе
    8) создавать условия
    9) оказывать (напр., поддержку, помощь)
    provide support for оказывать содействие кому-л.
    10) осуществлять (напр., монтаж:, наладку, ремонт и т.д.)
    11) брать на себя
    12) приводить (в знач. представлять)
    Table3 provides data on В табл. 3 приводятся данные о;
    Appendix A provides... В Приложении А приведено
    13) содержать
    This Practice provides the Plant Site Data Sheet for compiling and communicating civil/
    structural / architectural facilities design data for overall plant facilities Настоящее Методическое руководство содержит Опросный лист ( Технические условия) на производственную площадку, предназначенный для сбора и передачи исходных данных для проектирования объектов архитектурно-строительной части проекта по всему предприятию в целом
    14) предъявлять
    15) выдавать (чертежи, схемы и т.д.)
    provide guidance as to выдавать рекомендации по
    16) служить; послужить
    These A's can provide the statistical measure of В Эти А могут послужить статистическим критерием В;
    A's experience does not provide a meaningful basis for... Опыт А не может служить достоверной базой для;
    These studies have provided a useful theoretical foundation for Эти исследования послужили ценной теоретической основой для
    17) почерпнуть
    additional information provided by this picture дополнительная информация, которую можно почерпнуть из этого рисунка
    18) provide support for подтверждать

    English-Russian dictionary of scientific and technical difficulties vocabulary > provide

  • 15 risk

    1. n
    3) застрахованное лицо; застрахованная вещь

    - abnormal risk
    - accident risk
    - actual risk
    - actuarial risk
    - additional risk
    - admissible risk
    - aggregate risk
    - air bill all risks
    - all risks
    - assigned risk
    - average risk
    - balance-sheet risk
    - bilateral risk
    - breakage risk
    - business risk
    - businessman's risk
    - buyer's risk
    - calculated risk
    - catastrophe risk
    - charterer's risk
    - collective risk
    - commercial risk
    - company's risk
    - concentration risk
    - conditional risk
    - constant risk
    - consumer's risk
    - contractor's risk
    - conventional risk
    - counterparty failure risk
    - country risk
    - credit risk
    - currency risk
    - customary risk
    - customer's risk
    - default risk
    - del credere risk
    - downside risk
    - economic risk
    - entrepreneurial risk
    - estimated risk
    - exchange risk
    - exchange rate risk
    - excluded risk
    - extra risk
    - financial risk
    - fire risk
    - foreign exchange risk
    - foreseeable risk
    - freight risk
    - huge risk
    - inherent risk
    - insurable risk
    - insurance risk
    - insured risk
    - integrated risk
    - interest rate risk
    - inventory risk
    - investment risk
    - irreparable risk
    - land risk
    - leakage risk
    - legal risk
    - limited risk
    - liquidity risk
    - loading risk
    - managing risk
    - manufacturer's risk
    - manufacturing risk
    - marine risk
    - maritime risk
    - market risk
    - market liquidity risk
    - maturity risk
    - mean risk
    - minimum risk
    - mortality risk
    - noninsurable risk
    - noninsured risk
    - off-balance-sheet risk
    - operational risk
    - overall risk
    - owner's risk
    - policy risk
    - prepayment risk
    - price risk
    - producer's risk
    - production risk
    - project risk
    - property risk
    - pure risk
    - refinancing risk
    - regulatory risk
    - reinvestment risk
    - riot risk
    - road risk
    - roll-over risk
    - savings loss risk
    - sea risk
    - security risk
    - seller's risk
    - settlement risk
    - shipper's risk
    - sovereign risk
    - special risk
    - speculative risk
    - systemic risk
    - tenant's risk
    - terrorist risk
    - tolerated risk
    - transaction risk
    - transfer risk
    - translation risk
    - transport risk
    - underwriting risk
    - unilateral risk
    - uninsurable risk
    - uninsured risk
    - unloading risk
    - upside interest rate risk
    - usual risk
    - volatility risk
    - risk for own account
    - risk of accidental loss of goods
    - risk of boats
    - risk of breakage
    - risk of buying undervalued securities
    - risk of carriage
    - risk of collision
    - risk of conveyance
    - risk of currency depreciation
    - risk of damage to goods
    - risk of default of acceptance
    - risk of a downturn in the world economy
    - risk of exchange losses
    - risk of fire
    - risk of leakage
    - risk of loss
    - risk of loss on loans
    - risk of miscarriage of justice
    - risk of mistake
    - risk of moisture
    - risk of nonacceptance
    - risk of nonpayment
    - risk of principal
    - risk of the sea
    - risk of seizure
    - risk of a supply shortage
    - risk of unforeseeable loss
    - against all risks
    - at risk
    - at smb's risk
    - for smb's risk
    - 15-fold risk
    - accept a risk
    - aggravate the risk
    - assess a risk
    - assume a risk
    - bear a risk
    - be a good risk
    - be a good credit risk
    - be a safe trading risk
    - be averse to risk
    - carry a risk
    - cover a risk
    - cover risks to property from terrorist attack
    - diversify risks
    - expose to risk
    - heighten risk
    - incur a risk
    - insure a risk
    - insure against a risk
    - lessen a risk
    - measure a risk
    - outweigh risk
    - prevent a risk
    - price risk
    - reduce a risk
    - run a risk
    - spread a risk
    - take a risk
    - take out of risk
    - underestimate risk
    - undertake a risk
    - underwrite a risk
    2. v

    English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > risk

  • 16 importance

    [ɪm'pɔːt(ə)ns]
    n
    важность, значительность, значимость, ответственность

    We attached no importance to his words. — Мы не придали его словам значения.

    Don't put so much importance to this matter. — Не придавайте этому так много значения.

    See that the proper importance is given to it. — Проследите за тем, чтобы этому было придано должное значение. /Проследите за тем, чтобы к этому отнеслись с должным вниманием.

    - importance of smth
    - importance of the matter cannot be overestimated
    - event of importance
    - question of importance
    - problem of importance
    - matter of utmost highest importance
    - person of great importance
    - family of some importance
    - people of some importance
    - man of little importance
    - point of grave importance
    - prodject of local importance
    - town of secondary importance
    - detail without importance
    - nothing of importance resulted from the meeting
    - no trade of any importance
    - attach importance to numbers
    - be of political importance
    - be of military importance
    - acquire considerable importance
    - lend additional importance to the statement
    - complete with one another in commercial importance
    - do smth with apparent importance
    - be of world importance
    - give oneself an air of bustling importance
    - stress the relative importance of the place
    - exaggerate the importance of the event
    - assume importance
    - measure smb's importance by smb's income
    - grow in importance
    USAGE:
    (1.) Русским словосочетаниям "иметь (не иметь) значение, быть важным (не важным)" в английском языке соответствуют обороты to be of (no) importance: I did not know it was of such importance я не знал, что это так важно. Существительное importance усиливается прилагательными great, highest, little: we attached little importance to his words мы не придали его словам большого значения. Русское предложение "это не важно" также может быть передано глагол to matter или словосочетанием to make difference: If doesn't matter. It makes no difference. (2.) See easy, adj; USAGE (1.). (3.) See absolutely, adv

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > importance

  • 17 Wolf, Carl

    [br]
    b. 23 December 1838 Zwickau, Saxony, Germany
    d. 30 January 1915 Zwickau, Saxony, Germany
    [br]
    German inventor of the most popular petroleum spirit safety lamp for use in mines.
    [br]
    From an old mining family in the Saxon coalfields, Wolf was aware from his youth of the urgent demand for a miner's lamp which would provide adequate light but not provoke firedamp explosions. While working as an engineer in Zwickau, Wolf spent his spare time conducting experiments for such a lamp. The basic concept of his invention was the principle that dangerous concentrations of methane and air would not explode within a small pipe; this had been established almost seventy years earlier by the English chemist Humphrey Davy. By combining and developing certain devices designed by earlier inventors, in 1883 Wolf produced a prototype with a glass cylinder, a primer fixed inside the lamp and a magnetic lock. Until the successful application of electric light, Wolfs invention was the safest and most popular mining safety lamp. Many earlier inventions had failed to address all the problems of lighting for mines; Davy's lamp, for example, would too quickly become sooty and hot. As Wolfs lamp burned petroleum spirit, at first it was mistrusted outside Saxony, but it successfully passed the safety tests in all the leading coal-producing countries at that time. As well as casting a safe, constant light, the appearance of the cap flame could indicate the concentration of fire-damp in the air, thus providing an additional safety measure. Wolfs first patent was soon followed by many others in several countries, and underwent many developments. In 1884 Heinrich Friemann, a merchant from Eisleben, invested capital in the new company of Friemann and Wolf, which became the leading producer of miners' safety lamps. By 1914 they had manufactured over one million lamps, and the company had branches in major mining districts worldwide.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    F.Schwarz, 1914, Entwickelung und gegenwär-tiger Stand der Grubenbeleuchtung beim Steinkohlen-Bergbau, Gelsenkirchen (a systematic historical outline of safety lamp designs).
    WK

    Biographical history of technology > Wolf, Carl

  • 18 range utilization

    "A measure that shows how much of a pay range a given employee has utilized and which is used to determine the potential for additional increases within the range. Range utilization is calculated as follows: (Fixed Pay Rate – Range Minimum) / (Range Maximum – Range Minimum). If fixed pay rate equals the range maximum, then the range utilization equals 100%, pay at midpoint equals 50%, and pay at minimum equals 0%."

    English-Arabic terms dictionary > range utilization

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